Headline indicators

Annual precipitation
798 mm
2025
Where this number comes from
Spatially aggregatedHigh confidence2025

Source: Met OfficeHadUK-Grid gridded climate observations, HadUK-Grid areal series, Rainfall, England, annual. Licence: Open — attribution required (attribution required).

Method: Met Office published area-average total precipitation, from the HadUK-Grid 1 km gridded analysis of the national rain gauge network. Gauge density is far lower in the nineteenth century than today, and mountain precipitation is systematically under-measured, so early values carry greater uncertainty than recent ones.

Retrieved 24 August 2026.

Rainfall

Annual rainfall — England
Annual rainfall — EnglandAnnual rainfall — England: England in mm, from 1836 to 2025.05001,000mm18361860188419081932195619802004England 1836: 886 mmEngland 1837: 747 mmEngland 1838: 760 mmEngland 1839: 920 mmEngland 1840: 688 mmEngland 1841: 968 mmEngland 1842: 728 mmEngland 1843: 833 mmEngland 1844: 652 mmEngland 1845: 802 mmEngland 1846: 826 mmEngland 1847: 745 mmEngland 1848: 1,009 mmEngland 1849: 783 mmEngland 1850: 703 mmEngland 1851: 713 mmEngland 1852: 1,055 mmEngland 1853: 781 mmEngland 1854: 628 mmEngland 1855: 660 mmEngland 1856: 775 mmEngland 1857: 736 mmEngland 1858: 653 mmEngland 1859: 815 mmEngland 1860: 964 mmEngland 1861: 753 mmEngland 1862: 828 mmEngland 1863: 771 mmEngland 1864: 629 mmEngland 1865: 821 mmEngland 1866: 938 mmEngland 1867: 795 mmEngland 1868: 820 mmEngland 1869: 839 mmEngland 1870: 651 mmEngland 1871: 777 mmEngland 1872: 1,156 mmEngland 1873: 721 mmEngland 1874: 746 mmEngland 1875: 914 mmEngland 1876: 934 mmEngland 1877: 1,008 mmEngland 1878: 870 mmEngland 1879: 866 mmEngland 1880: 906 mmEngland 1881: 868 mmEngland 1882: 1,016 mmEngland 1883: 871 mmEngland 1884: 696 mmEngland 1885: 806 mmEngland 1886: 914 mmEngland 1887: 597 mmEngland 1888: 782 mmEngland 1889: 749 mmEngland 1890: 725 mmEngland 1891: 900 mmEngland 1892: 756 mmEngland 1893: 673 mmEngland 1894: 868 mmEngland 1895: 768 mmEngland 1896: 748 mmEngland 1897: 807 mmEngland 1898: 694 mmEngland 1899: 756 mmEngland 1900: 872 mmEngland 1901: 694 mmEngland 1902: 675 mmEngland 1903: 1,043 mmEngland 1904: 717 mmEngland 1905: 675 mmEngland 1906: 807 mmEngland 1907: 810 mmEngland 1908: 717 mmEngland 1909: 848 mmEngland 1910: 899 mmEngland 1911: 760 mmEngland 1912: 1,002 mmEngland 1913: 770 mmEngland 1914: 868 mmEngland 1915: 885 mmEngland 1916: 927 mmEngland 1917: 784 mmEngland 1918: 857 mmEngland 1919: 836 mmEngland 1920: 844 mmEngland 1921: 559 mmEngland 1922: 842 mmEngland 1923: 893 mmEngland 1924: 956 mmEngland 1925: 847 mmEngland 1926: 812 mmEngland 1927: 982 mmEngland 1928: 911 mmEngland 1929: 795 mmEngland 1930: 934 mmEngland 1931: 881 mmEngland 1932: 824 mmEngland 1933: 651 mmEngland 1934: 759 mmEngland 1935: 903 mmEngland 1936: 869 mmEngland 1937: 875 mmEngland 1938: 804 mmEngland 1939: 913 mmEngland 1940: 809 mmEngland 1941: 770 mmEngland 1942: 752 mmEngland 1943: 750 mmEngland 1944: 814 mmEngland 1945: 743 mmEngland 1946: 955 mmEngland 1947: 728 mmEngland 1948: 858 mmEngland 1949: 711 mmEngland 1950: 908 mmEngland 1951: 987 mmEngland 1952: 796 mmEngland 1953: 678 mmEngland 1954: 985 mmEngland 1955: 694 mmEngland 1956: 783 mmEngland 1957: 811 mmEngland 1958: 937 mmEngland 1959: 732 mmEngland 1960: 1,063 mmEngland 1961: 804 mmEngland 1962: 731 mmEngland 1963: 792 mmEngland 1964: 654 mmEngland 1965: 919 mmEngland 1966: 949 mmEngland 1967: 909 mmEngland 1968: 903 mmEngland 1969: 822 mmEngland 1970: 833 mmEngland 1971: 732 mmEngland 1972: 779 mmEngland 1973: 667 mmEngland 1974: 920 mmEngland 1975: 688 mmEngland 1976: 732 mmEngland 1977: 847 mmEngland 1978: 818 mmEngland 1979: 906 mmEngland 1980: 886 mmEngland 1981: 912 mmEngland 1982: 878 mmEngland 1983: 801 mmEngland 1984: 834 mmEngland 1985: 809 mmEngland 1986: 905 mmEngland 1987: 847 mmEngland 1988: 842 mmEngland 1989: 737 mmEngland 1990: 755 mmEngland 1991: 719 mmEngland 1992: 874 mmEngland 1993: 904 mmEngland 1994: 914 mmEngland 1995: 752 mmEngland 1996: 677 mmEngland 1997: 783 mmEngland 1998: 967 mmEngland 1999: 936 mmEngland 2000: 1,109 mmEngland 2001: 863 mmEngland 2002: 1,007 mmEngland 2003: 674 mmEngland 2004: 890 mmEngland 2005: 746 mmEngland 2006: 845 mmEngland 2007: 933 mmEngland 2008: 981 mmEngland 2009: 875 mmEngland 2010: 727 mmEngland 2011: 713 mmEngland 2012: 1,126 mmEngland 2013: 813 mmEngland 2014: 983 mmEngland 2015: 867 mmEngland 2016: 823 mmEngland 2017: 825 mmEngland 2018: 795 mmEngland 2019: 980 mmEngland 2020: 989 mmEngland 2021: 877 mmEngland 2022: 779 mmEngland 2023: 1,071 mmEngland 2024: 1,037 mmEngland 2025: 798 mm
View the data behind this chart
Underlying data
PeriodEngland (mm)
1836886
1837747
1838760
1839920
1840688
1841968
1842728
1843833
1844652
1845802
1846826
1847745
18481,009
1849783
1850703
1851713
18521,055
1853781
1854628
1855660
1856775
1857736
1858653
1859815
1860964
1861753
1862828
1863771
1864629
1865821
1866938
1867795
1868820
1869839
1870651
1871777
18721,156
1873721
1874746
1875914
1876934
18771,008
1878870
1879866
1880906
1881868
18821,016
1883871
1884696
1885806
1886914
1887597
1888782
1889749
1890725
1891900
1892756
1893673
1894868
1895768
1896748
1897807
1898694
1899756
1900872
1901694
1902675
19031,043
1904717
1905675
1906807
1907810
1908717
1909848
1910899
1911760
19121,002
1913770
1914868
1915885
1916927
1917784
1918857
1919836
1920844
1921559
1922842
1923893
1924956
1925847
1926812
1927982
1928911
1929795
1930934
1931881
1932824
1933651
1934759
1935903
1936869
1937875
1938804
1939913
1940809
1941770
1942752
1943750
1944814
1945743
1946955
1947728
1948858
1949711
1950908
1951987
1952796
1953678
1954985
1955694
1956783
1957811
1958937
1959732
19601,063
1961804
1962731
1963792
1964654
1965919
1966949
1967909
1968903
1969822
1970833
1971732
1972779
1973667
1974920
1975688
1976732
1977847
1978818
1979906
1980886
1981912
1982878
1983801
1984834
1985809
1986905
1987847
1988842
1989737
1990755
1991719
1992874
1993904
1994914
1995752
1996677
1997783
1998967
1999936
20001,109
2001863
20021,007
2003674
2004890
2005746
2006845
2007933
2008981
2009875
2010727
2011713
20121,126
2013813
2014983
2015867
2016823
2017825
2018795
2019980
2020989
2021877
2022779
20231,071
20241,037
2025798

Storm overflows

Recorded storm overflow spill events
Counted by event duration monitors.
Recorded storm overflow spill eventsRecorded storm overflow spill events: Recorded spills in spills/yr, from 2020 to 2024.0200k400kspills/yr20202021202220232024Recorded spills 2020: 403,000 spills/yrRecorded spills 2021: 372,500 spills/yrRecorded spills 2022: 301,000 spills/yrRecorded spills 2023: 464,000 spills/yrRecorded spills 2024: 450,000 spills/yr

Monitoring coverage expanded substantially across this period, so part of the change reflects increased measurement rather than increased discharge.

View the data behind this chart
Underlying data
PeriodRecorded spills (spills/yr)
2020403,000
2021372,500
2022301,000
2023464,000
2024450,000

Measured here

Hydrionis holds records from 5,611 monitoring locations in England, read directly from the national network rather than reported at country level.

5,611
Monitoring locations
709,249
Values held from them
1836–2026
Record spans
What the England monitoring network measures
MeasurementLocationsValues
Mean monthly river flow356238,677
Groundwater level782189,720
pH4,62970,378
Nitrate as nitrogen3,92356,632
Dissolved oxygen3,67949,378
Dissolved oxygen saturation2,36530,869
Orthophosphate as phosphorus1,89924,960
Ammoniacal nitrogen1,56520,640
Mean river flow35517,060

See the England monitoring network — where the stations are, and what each one measures.

Coverage for this place

Entities in England

Kielder Water

The largest artificial lake in the UK by capacity, built to supply industrial demand in north east England that never fully mate…

Rutland Water

One of the largest reservoirs in England by surface area, a pumped storage reservoir filled from the Rivers Nene and Welland rat…

Chalk aquifer of southern England

The dominant groundwater resource of southern and eastern England, supplying a large share of public water in the region and fee…

Broad Street cholera outbreak

The outbreak in Soho, London, that John Snow traced to a single contaminated water pump — establishing that cholera is waterborn…

The Great Stink

The summer in which the untreated sewage of London, discharged directly to the Thames, became unbearable at Westminster — and Pa…

Camelford water pollution incident

Twenty tonnes of aluminium sulphate were discharged into the wrong tank at Lowermoor treatment works, entering the supply servin…

The 1976 drought

The benchmark British drought of the instrumental record: sixteen months of exceptional dryness ending in the hottest summer the…

The 2022 drought

The driest summer in England since 1976, in which the National Drought Group declared drought across most of the country, severa…

Yorkshire drought

A drought that brought Yorkshire close to running out of water, with tankering between reservoirs and standpipes prepared, despi…

Devon Cryptosporidium outbreak

A Cryptosporidium outbreak in the Brixham area of south Devon caused by contamination entering the local supply network.

Southern Water — record penalty for wastewater offences

Environment Agency / Crown Court action against Southern Water: Thousands of illegal discharges of untreated sewage from wastewa…

Thames Water — Thames pollution fine

Environment Agency / Crown Court action against Thames Water: Repeated discharges of untreated sewage into the Thames and its tr…

Yorkshire Water — Ofwat enforcement package

Ofwat action against Yorkshire Water: Failures in the operation and management of wastewater treatment works and storm overflows.

Buxton

Natural mineral water from Buxton, Derbyshire, from a spring rising at a constant 27 °C. Total dissolved solids around 280 mg/l.

Smartwater

Purified water from Spring water, subsequently vapour distilled and remineralised with electrolytes. Total dissolved solids arou…

Hildon

Natural mineral water from Test Valley, Hampshire. Total dissolved solids around 312 mg/l.

Beckton sewage treatment works

The largest wastewater treatment works in the United Kingdom and one of the largest in Europe, treating the sewage of a large pa…

Thames Tideway Tunnel

A 25 km storage and transfer tunnel beneath the Thames built to intercept combined sewer overflow discharges that Bazalgette’s V…

Abingdon (South East Strategic) Reservoir

A proposed large pumped-storage reservoir in Oxfordshire, intended to underpin water supply for London and the south east throug…

Fens Reservoir

A proposed reservoir in Cambridgeshire to support growth in the driest part of the UK, where existing chalk groundwater abstract…

South Lincolnshire Reservoir

A proposed reservoir intended to add regional resilience in eastern England.

Havant Thicket Reservoir

The first new reservoir in southern England for decades, filled with surplus spring water and supporting reduced abstraction fro…

Grand Union Canal transfer

A proposed transfer of treated effluent-derived water along the Grand Union Canal from the Midlands to the south east.

Thames Water AMP8 network renewal

Large-scale mains replacement and leakage reduction programme under the 2025–2030 regulatory period.

Within this place