Name: Water indicators for France
Creator: Hydrionis

Headline indicators

Total renewable freshwater resources

200.00 km³/yr

2022

Where this number comes from

DerivedMedium confidence2022

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators, World Bank WDI indicator ER.H2O.INTR.K3. Licence: Open — attribution required (attribution required).

Method: Renewable internal freshwater resources: the long-term average annual flow of rivers and recharge of groundwater generated from precipitation within the country. Internal resources exclude inflow from upstream countries, so this is the measure of self-sufficiency rather than of total availability. Originating body: FAO AQUASTAT. The World Bank publishes its datasets under CC BY 4.0, but relayed third-party material may carry the originator's own terms — verify with them before commercial reuse.

Retrieved 1 October 2026.

Renewable freshwater per person

2,933 m³/person/yr

2022

Where this number comes from

CalculatedMedium confidence2022

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators, World Bank WDI indicator ER.H2O.INTR.PC. Licence: Open — attribution required (attribution required).

Method: Renewable internal freshwater resources divided by population. Because the population denominator updates annually while the resource figure is a long-term hydrological average, movement in this series is largely population change rather than hydrological change. Originating body: FAO AQUASTAT and World Bank population estimates. The World Bank publishes its datasets under CC BY 4.0, but relayed third-party material may carry the originator's own terms — verify with them before commercial reuse.

Retrieved 1 October 2026.

Total freshwater withdrawal

24.43 km³/yr

2022

Where this number comes from

ReportedMedium confidence2022

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators, World Bank WDI indicator ER.H2O.FWTL.K3. Licence: Open — attribution required (attribution required).

Method: Total annual freshwater withdrawn for agricultural, industrial and domestic use. Withdrawal is not consumption: much of what is withdrawn is returned to the source catchment. Originating body: FAO AQUASTAT. The World Bank publishes its datasets under CC BY 4.0, but relayed third-party material may carry the originator's own terms — verify with them before commercial reuse.

Retrieved 1 October 2026.

Agricultural share of withdrawal

10.3%

2022

Where this number comes from

ReportedMedium confidence2022

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators, World Bank WDI indicator ER.H2O.FWAG.ZS. Licence: Open — attribution required (attribution required).

Method: Agricultural withdrawal as a percentage of total freshwater withdrawal. Originating body: FAO AQUASTAT. The World Bank publishes its datasets under CC BY 4.0, but relayed third-party material may carry the originator's own terms — verify with them before commercial reuse.

Retrieved 1 October 2026.

Industrial share of withdrawal

68.1%

2022

Where this number comes from

ReportedMedium confidence2022

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators, World Bank WDI indicator ER.H2O.FWIN.ZS. Licence: Open — attribution required (attribution required).

Method: Industrial withdrawal as a percentage of total freshwater withdrawal. Countries differ in whether thermoelectric cooling is counted here, and where it is the share reflects cooling arrangements rather than manufacturing intensity. Originating body: FAO AQUASTAT. The World Bank publishes its datasets under CC BY 4.0, but relayed third-party material may carry the originator's own terms — verify with them before commercial reuse.

Retrieved 1 October 2026.

Municipal share of withdrawal

21.6%

2022

Where this number comes from

ReportedMedium confidence2022

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators, World Bank WDI indicator ER.H2O.FWDM.ZS. Licence: Open — attribution required (attribution required).

Method: Domestic and municipal withdrawal as a percentage of total freshwater withdrawal. Originating body: FAO AQUASTAT. The World Bank publishes its datasets under CC BY 4.0, but relayed third-party material may carry the originator's own terms — verify with them before commercial reuse.

Retrieved 1 October 2026.

Safely managed drinking water

99.7%

2024

Where this number comes from

ModelledMedium confidence2024

This is not a direct measurement. Output of a numerical or statistical model rather than a measurement.

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators, World Bank WDI indicator SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS. Licence: Open — attribution required (attribution required).

Method: Population using an improved drinking water source that is accessible on premises, available when needed, and free from priority contamination — all three simultaneously. Modelled from household surveys and censuses, not counted. Originating body: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. The World Bank publishes its datasets under CC BY 4.0, but relayed third-party material may carry the originator's own terms — verify with them before commercial reuse.

Retrieved 1 October 2026.

Safely managed sanitation

90.0%

2024

Where this number comes from

ModelledMedium confidence2024

This is not a direct measurement. Output of a numerical or statistical model rather than a measurement.

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators, World Bank WDI indicator SH.STA.SMSS.ZS. Licence: Open — attribution required (attribution required).

Method: Population using improved sanitation facilities not shared with other households, where excreta are safely disposed of in situ or treated off site. Originating body: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. The World Bank publishes its datasets under CC BY 4.0, but relayed third-party material may carry the originator's own terms — verify with them before commercial reuse.

Retrieved 1 October 2026.

How water is used

Freshwater withdrawal by sector — France

Share of total freshwater withdrawal. Withdrawal is not consumption: much of what industry and energy withdraw is returned.

Sector shares are reported for varying reference years by country, and countries differ in whether thermoelectric cooling is counted as industrial withdrawal.

View the data behind this chart

Subject	Value (%)	Notes
Agriculture	10.3	—
Industry	68.1	—
Municipal	21.6	—

Groundwater

Hydrionis holds monthly water-table records for 641 observation boreholes in France. One is drawn below — the longest — because a groundwater level is a height above a datum and boreholes do not share one.

641

Observation boreholes held

1955–2026

Longest record, at Porte du Ried (03427X0027/92)

861

Monthly readings in that record

Water table at Porte du Ried (03427X0027/92)

Monthly mean level, 1955–2026. Metres above the datum this borehole is measured against.

Show relevant events (1 event)Shading marks when something was recorded, not what caused the line.

One borehole, and comparable only with its own history. Levels at different boreholes are measured against different datums, so the numbers on this axis mean nothing at any other site — which is also why Hydrionis will not average boreholes into a regional water table. Abstraction moves a level as well as rainfall, and is in neither this line nor any shading behind it.

What the shaded periods are (1 event)

A shaded period marks when something was recorded, not what caused the shape of the line. Where the two coincide, they coincided.

Documented record — A documented event, compiled from cited sources after it happened. The dates are as good as the record, which for older events can mean the month rather than the day.

Event	Type	Period	Standing	Authority
European drought	Drought declaration	2022-05-01 – 2022-10-31	Documented record	Compiled record

Not shown on this chart

The 1976 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
The 2022 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Yorkshire drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cantareira water crisis, São Paulo — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cape Town Day Zero — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.

View the data behind this chart

240 of 861 periods, evenly spaced across the record. Every value is in the download and the API; a table of all 861 would be longer than this page and unusable with a screen reader.
Period	Porte du Ried (03427X0027/92) (m)
1955	182
1955.3333333333333	182
1955.5833333333333	181
1955.9166666666667	181
1956.1666666666667	182
1956.5	182
1956.8333333333333	182
1957.0833333333333	182
1957.4166666666667	181
1957.6666666666667	181
1958	182
1958.3333333333333	181
1958.5833333333333	181
1958.9166666666667	182
1959.1666666666667	182
1959.5	181
1959.8333333333333	181
1960.0833333333333	182
1960.4166666666667	181
1960.6666666666667	181
1961	182
1961.3333333333333	182
1961.5833333333333	181
1961.9166666666667	182
1962.1666666666667	182
1962.5	181
1962.8333333333333	181
1963.0833333333333	181
1963.4166666666667	181
1963.6666666666667	181
1964	181
1964.3333333333333	181
1964.5833333333333	181
1964.9166666666667	181
1965.1666666666667	182
1965.5	181
1965.8333333333333	182
1966.0833333333333	182
1966.4166666666667	182
1966.6666666666667	182
1967	182
1967.3333333333333	181
1967.5833333333333	181
1967.9166666666667	182
1968.1666666666667	182
1968.5	181
1968.8333333333333	182
1969.0833333333333	182
1969.4166666666667	182
1969.6666666666667	181
1970	182
1970.3333333333333	182
1970.5833333333333	181
1970.9166666666667	181
1971.1666666666667	181
1971.5	181
1971.8333333333333	181
1972.0833333333333	181
1972.4166666666667	181
1972.6666666666667	181
1973	181
1973.25	181
1973.5833333333333	181
1973.9166666666667	181
1974.1666666666667	181
1974.5	181
1974.75	181
1975.0833333333333	181
1975.4166666666667	181
1975.6666666666667	181
1976	181
1976.25	181
1976.5833333333333	181
1976.9166666666667	181
1977.1666666666667	182
1977.5	181
1977.75	181
1978.0833333333333	182
1978.4166666666667	181
1978.6666666666667	181
1979	182
1979.25	182
1979.5833333333333	181
1979.9166666666667	182
1980.1666666666667	182
1980.5	182
1980.75	181
1981.0833333333333	182
1981.4166666666667	181
1981.6666666666667	181
1982	182
1982.25	182
1982.5833333333333	182
1982.9166666666667	182
1983.1666666666667	182
1983.5	182
1983.75	181
1984.0833333333333	182
1984.4166666666667	181
1984.6666666666667	181
1985	182
1985.25	181
1985.5833333333333	181
1985.9166666666667	181
1986.1666666666667	182
1986.5	181
1986.75	181
1987.0833333333333	181
1987.4166666666667	182
1987.6666666666667	181
1988	182
1988.25	182
1988.5833333333333	181
1988.9166666666667	182
1989.1666666666667	182
1989.5	181
1989.75	181
1990.0833333333333	182
1990.4166666666667	181
1990.6666666666667	181
1991	182
1991.25	181
1991.5833333333333	181
1991.9166666666667	181
1992.1666666666667	181
1992.5	181
1992.75	181
1993.0833333333333	181
1993.4166666666667	181
1993.6666666666667	181
1994	182
1994.25	182
1994.5833333333333	181
1994.9166666666667	181
1995.1666666666667	182
1995.5	181
1995.75	181
1996.0833333333333	181
1996.4166666666667	181
1996.6666666666667	181
1997	182
1997.25	181
1997.5833333333333	181
1997.9166666666667	182
1998.1666666666667	181
1998.5	181
1998.75	181
1999.0833333333333	182
1999.4166666666667	182
1999.6666666666667	181
2000	182
2000.25	182
2000.5833333333333	181
2000.9166666666667	182
2001.1666666666667	182
2001.5	181
2001.75	181
2002.0833333333333	182
2002.4166666666667	181
2002.6666666666667	181
2003	182
2003.25	181
2003.5833333333333	181
2003.9166666666667	181
2004.1666666666667	181
2004.5	181
2004.75	182
2005.0833333333333	182
2005.4166666666667	181
2005.6666666666667	181
2006	181
2006.25	182
2006.5833333333333	181
2006.9166666666667	182
2007.1666666666667	182
2007.5	181
2007.75	181
2008.0833333333333	182
2008.4166666666667	181
2008.6666666666667	182
2009	182
2009.25	182
2009.5833333333333	181
2009.8333333333333	181
2010.1666666666667	182
2010.5	181
2010.75	181
2011.0833333333333	181
2011.3333333333333	181
2011.6666666666667	181
2012	182
2012.25	181
2012.5833333333333	181
2012.8333333333333	182
2013.1666666666667	182
2013.5	181
2013.75	182
2014.0833333333333	182
2014.3333333333333	181
2014.6666666666667	181
2015	182
2015.25	181
2015.5833333333333	181
2015.8333333333333	181
2016.1666666666667	182
2016.5	181
2016.75	181
2017.0833333333333	181
2017.3333333333333	181
2017.6666666666667	181
2018	182
2018.25	181
2018.5833333333333	181
2018.8333333333333	181
2019.1666666666667	181
2019.5	181
2019.75	181
2020.0833333333333	182
2020.3333333333333	181
2020.6666666666667	181
2021	182
2021.25	181
2021.5833333333333	181
2021.8333333333333	181
2022.1666666666667	181
2022.5	181
2022.75	181
2023.0833333333333	181
2023.3333333333333	181
2023.6666666666667	181
2024	182
2024.25	182
2024.5833333333333	181
2024.8333333333333	182
2025.1666666666667	182
2025.5	181
2025.75	182
2026.0833333333333	182
2026.3333333333333	181
2026.6666666666667	181

Source: Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières — Piézométrie — French groundwater levels (Licence Ouverte / Open Licence v2.0 (Etalab)).

In regional context

Renewable freshwater per person, regional comparison

Neighbouring countries in the same region, ranked.

A national per-capita average conceals seasonal and regional distribution entirely.

View the data behind this chart

Subject	Value (m³/person/yr)	Notes
Austria	6,083	—
Switzerland	4,603	—
France	2,933	—
Luxembourg	1,531	—
Germany	1,286	—
Belgium	1,027	—
Netherlands	621	—

Measured here

Hydrionis holds records from 1,542 monitoring locations in France, read directly from the national network rather than reported at country level.

1,542

Monitoring locations

1,527,764

Values held from them

1877–2026

Record spans

What the France monitoring network measures
Measurement	Locations	Values
Mean monthly river flow	896	646,543
Groundwater level	641	271,228
Daily precipitation	5	205,648
Daily maximum air temperature	5	194,107
Daily minimum air temperature	5	192,774
Snow depth	5	1,014

See the France monitoring network — where the stations are, and what each one measures.

Use this data

Machine-readable JSON /api/v1/observations/by-subject/country-fra.json
How to cite this, and who you must credit
How these figures were produced
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No bulk download is offered here, which is a licence position rather than a product one: at least one contributing publisher does not permit redistribution. The values can be read on the page, cited, and pointed to at source.

Attribution and citation

Attribution you are required to give

These are conditions of the licences the underlying data is published under. They are obligations to the publishers, not to Hydrionis, and they apply to you directly whether or not you mention Hydrionis at all.

Data from Eurostat, used under European Commission reuse policy (Decision 2011/833/EU). Data from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, used under CC BY 4.0, as complemented by the FAO Statistical Database Terms of Use. Source: Hub’Eau / Système d’information sur l’eau, under Licence Ouverte (Etalab). Source: Hub’Eau / Système d’information sur l’eau, under Licence Ouverte (Etalab). Data from World Bank, used under CC BY 4.0.

Eurostat — European Commission reuse policy (Decision 2011/833/EU) (licence text)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — CC BY 4.0, as complemented by the FAO Statistical Database Terms of Use (licence text)
Agences de l’eau / Office français de la biodiversité — Licence Ouverte / Open Licence v2.0 (Etalab) (licence text)
Office français de la biodiversité — observatoire SISPEA — Licence Ouverte / Open Licence v2.0 (Etalab) (licence text)
World Bank — CC BY 4.0 (licence text)

Suggested citation for Hydrionis

Hydrionis (2026), Water data for France, accessed 2026-10-05, hydrionis.com/countries/france/

Cite Hydrionis where you rely on the compilation, the normalisation, the eligibility judgements or a chart. Where you use an unmodified published value, the publisher’s attribution is the one that is required; crediting Hydrionis as well is welcome and is not something Hydrionis can require of you.

Recommended, not required. Hydrionis does not claim rights over unmodified public data it relayed, and doing arithmetic on somebody else’s measurements does not make them Hydrionis’s. Cite the version and the access date: the France record changes as publishers release and as methods are revised, and a citation without both cannot be checked later. Full guidance is on cite and reuse.

Hydrionis works to make data accurate, traceable and internally consistent through source validation, automated checks and documented methodology. Errors can still occur in original source data or in Hydrionis processing. For critical decisions, review the cited original source, the methodology and the known limitations. See accuracy and corrections.

Coverage for this place

Entities in France

Evian

Natural mineral water from Cachat spring, Évian-les-Bains, at the southern shore of Lake Geneva. Total dissolved solids around 3…

Perrier

Naturally sparkling mineral water from Vergèze, Gard, in southern France. Total dissolved solids around 475 mg/l.

Volvic

Natural mineral water from Clairvic spring, Auvergne, within a volcanic regional park. Total dissolved solids around 130 mg/l.

Vittel

Natural mineral water from Vittel, Vosges. Total dissolved solids around 841 mg/l.