The monitoring network within this area

Hydrionis holds 1,022 values from 3 gauges within it. Discharge is a property of a gauge and its reach, not of this drainage area, so this page reports the network and its records rather than a single figure.

Gauges

1,022

Values held

1865–2026

Record spans

Gauges within the Upper Susquehanna-Tunkhannock huc8 subbasin

3 monitoring points, positioned as the publisher records them.

Flood peaks, as measured

This gauge's flood record, as measured. Unlike a daily mean it is the discharge at the moment the river was highest, which is the figure flood frequency analysis is built on.

Largest measured flow of each year at Susquehanna River at Towanda, PA

The highest instantaneous discharge the publisher recorded in each year — a flood peak as measured, not a daily average of one. 1865–2025.

Show relevant events (1 event)Shading marks when something was recorded, not what caused the line.

Published by the gauge's own operator from its sub-daily record; Hydrionis stores the figure rather than recomputing it. A year the gauge did not cover produces no value rather than a low one, and the gaps are stated below the chart. A peak is a property of this gauge and its reach: a larger flood upstream or downstream of it is not in this series.

What the shaded periods are (1 event)

A shaded period marks when something was recorded, not what caused the shape of the line. Where the two coincide, they coincided.

Documented record — A documented event, compiled from cited sources after it happened. The dates are as good as the record, which for older events can mean the month rather than the day.

Event	Type	Period	Standing	Authority
Hurricane Katrina water and sanitation collapse	Flood	2005-08-29 – 2005-09-30	Documented record	Compiled record

Not shown on this chart

The 1976 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
The 2022 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Yorkshire drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cantareira water crisis, São Paulo — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cape Town Day Zero — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
European drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.

View the data behind this chart

Underlying data
Period	Susquehanna River at Towanda, PA (m³/s)
1865	5,324
1893	3,087
1894	2,030
1895	2,696
1896	2,917
1897	1,801
1898	2,101
1899	1,623
1900	1,733
1901	2,973
1902	5,210
1903	2,917
1904	3,766
1905	2,755
1908	2,724
1909	2,755
1910	4,021
1911	2,520
1912	3,087
1913	4,134
1914	4,899
1915	3,653
1916	3,964
1917	2,008
1918	3,511
1919	2,056
1920	3,511
1921	2,030
1923	2,299
1924	3,766
1925	4,134
1926	2,353
1927	3,568
1929	4,672
1930	1,843
1931	1,911
1932	2,492
1933	2,025
1934	2,192
1935	4,078
1936	5,324
1937	2,076
1938	1,758
1939	3,625
1940	4,984
1941	3,455
1942	3,087
1944	2,302
1945	2,815
1946	5,409
1947	3,738
1948	4,757
1950	4,191
1951	3,511
1952	3,143
1954	1,855
1955	2,387
1956	4,531
1957	2,591
1958	4,078
1959	3,681
1960	4,672
1961	4,163
1962	3,002
1963	3,200
1964	4,927
1965	1,286
1966	2,339
1967	1,988
1968	2,526
1969	2,064
1970	2,701
1971	2,667
1972	9,061
1973	2,237
1975	6,258
1976	2,860
1977	2,801
1978	2,767
1979	5,069
1980	2,523
1981	2,396
1983	2,410
1985	1,382
1986	3,710
1988	1,795
1989	2,588
1990	1,934
1992	2,285
1993	4,304
1994	3,143
1995	1,688
1996	5,097
1998	3,200
1999	2,574
2000	3,143
2001	2,469
2002	1,858
2003	2,764
2004	4,361
2005	4,587
2006	3,993
2007	3,115
2008	2,917
2009	2,339
2010	3,115
2011	7,079
2013	1,945
2014	2,158
2015	2,364
2016	1,764
2017	2,532
2018	2,829
2020	2,316
2021	3,030
2023	2,195
2025	2,328

About this series

Everything below is a property of the data rather than a rating of it. There is deliberately no single confidence score: how much a gap matters depends on what you are about to do with the series, and only you know that.

Source	United States Geological Survey — National Water Information System · US Government work — public domain
How the values came to exist	Measured
Period held	1865–2025
Completeness	72.7% of the periods in that span are held. Gaps are drawn as breaks and never interpolated.
Known gaps	17 separate periods inside 1865–2025 hold no value. The longest runs from 1866 to 1892 — 27 years with no reading. They are drawn as breaks in the line and are never interpolated across.
Continuity	The record begins in 1865 and is not continuous from it: 161 years separate the first value from the last, and 73% of the years between them are held. The span is not the record.
Last read from the publisher	2026-10-01
Redistribution	Permitted by the upstream licences
Commercial reuse	Permitted by the upstream licences. No Hydrionis access tier can widen this.
Methodology	How this was produced

How much of the rain came back out

A discharge in cubic metres per second cannot be compared with anything: the larger number may only mean the larger catchment. Divided by the area draining to the gauge it becomes a depth of water over that land, which answers a question a reader already has — of the rain that fell here, how much came back out as river?

Water leaving the catchment above Susquehanna River at Towanda, PA, as a depth

The year's flow spread over the land draining to this gauge, in millimetres — the same unit rainfall is measured in. 1914–2025.

Show relevant events (1 event)Shading marks when something was recorded, not what caused the line.

Computed by Hydrionis from the published annual mean flow and the catchment area the station's own publisher states. It is not a water balance: the difference between rainfall and runoff is not evaporation alone but also change in groundwater storage, water abstracted and taken elsewhere, and water imported by transfer schemes — which is why a catchment can yield more runoff than the rain that fell on it without anything being measured wrongly. A different area figure rescales every value here by the ratio between them.

What the shaded periods are (1 event)

A shaded period marks when something was recorded, not what caused the shape of the line. Where the two coincide, they coincided.

Documented record — A documented event, compiled from cited sources after it happened. The dates are as good as the record, which for older events can mean the month rather than the day.

Event	Type	Period	Standing	Authority
Hurricane Katrina water and sanitation collapse	Flood	2005-08-29 – 2005-09-30	Documented record	Compiled record

Not shown on this chart

The 1976 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
The 2022 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Yorkshire drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cantareira water crisis, São Paulo — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cape Town Day Zero — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
European drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.

View the data behind this chart

Underlying data
Period	Susquehanna River at Towanda, PA (mm)
1914	467
1915	563
1916	567
1917	547
1918	528
1919	395
1920	487
1921	381
1922	454
1923	347
1924	441
1925	465
1926	500
1927	676
1928	470
1929	515
1930	307
1931	321
1932	479
1933	382
1934	329
1935	528
1936	489
1937	531
1938	413
1939	347
1940	509
1941	282
1942	494
1943	602
1944	369
1945	685
1946	450
1947	552
1948	477
1949	377
1950	599
1951	485
1952	474
1953	370
1954	395
1955	481
1956	581
1957	369
1958	555
1959	516
1960	512
1961	468
1962	379
1963	335
1964	376
1965	271
1966	373
1967	475
1968	475
1969	380
1970	453
1971	447
1972	798
1973	496
1974	484
1975	599
1976	643
1977	718
1978	486
1979	531
1980	313
1981	384
1982	407
1983	492
1984	571
1985	328
1986	557
1987	386
1988	324
1989	445
1990	621
1991	372
1992	517
1993	598
1994	617
1995	312
1996	752
1997	349
1998	513
1999	325
2000	575
2001	342
2002	481
2003	720
2004	678
2005	583
2006	680
2007	497
2008	503
2009	444
2010	489
2011	881
2012	347
2013	509
2014	452
2015	384
2016	344
2017	582
2018	754
2019	562
2020	434
2021	610
2022	437
2023	514
2024	475
2025	419

About this series

Source	United States Geological Survey — National Water Information System · US Government work — public domain
How the values came to exist	Derived Computed by Hydrionis
Period held	1914–2025
Completeness	100.0% of the periods in that span are held.
Continuity	Continuous: every year from 1914 to 2025 is held.
Inputs last read	2026-10-01 · when the records this was computed from were last read from their publishers
Calculation date	2026-08-24 · when the calculation method was last versioned, not a reading of any publisher
Redistribution	Permitted by the upstream licences
Commercial reuse	Permitted by the upstream licences. No Hydrionis access tier can widen this.
Methodology	How this was produced

Every gauge Hydrionis holds within this area

Gauges within the Upper Susquehanna-Tunkhannock and what each holds
Gauge	Measures	Values	Record
Susquehanna River at Towanda, PA	catchment area, annual maximum river flow, mean river flow, mean river flow, water year	358	1865–2026
Towanda Creek near Monroeton, PA	catchment area, annual maximum river flow, mean river flow, mean river flow, water year	332	1914–2026
Tunkhannock Creek near Tunkhannock, PA	catchment area, annual maximum river flow, mean river flow, mean river flow, water year	332	1914–2026

How these gauges were attached to this water

Assigned by the publisher to a numbered basin Every gauge here is assigned to this drainage area by its own publisher, which issues the area an official code — 02050106. A drainage area is not a river: it contains the tributaries as well as the main channel, and a gauge in it may be on any of them.

What each gauge’s link to this water rests on
Gauge	Evidence	Established
Susquehanna River at Towanda, PA	Stated by the publisher — USGS site service, huc_cd field — https://waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/ ; named from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset 8-digit HU (Subbasin) layer — https://hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/wbd/MapServer/4	2026-10-02
Towanda Creek near Monroeton, PA	Stated by the publisher — USGS site service, huc_cd field — https://waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/ ; named from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset 8-digit HU (Subbasin) layer — https://hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/wbd/MapServer/4	2026-10-02
Tunkhannock Creek near Tunkhannock, PA	Stated by the publisher — USGS site service, huc_cd field — https://waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/ ; named from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset 8-digit HU (Subbasin) layer — https://hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/wbd/MapServer/4	2026-10-02

What this record holds

Hydrionis decides which waters get a page, and which of those are offered to search, from what is actually held rather than from how the page reads. Five signals are counted; this record has 4 of them, which makes it a full profile.

Information-gain signals held for this water body
Signal	Held	Counts
Gauges holding a real record	3	yes, 3 or more
Years spanned	162	yes, 20 or more
Values held	1,022	yes, 1000 or more
Distinct measurements	4	yes, 2 or more
Publishers measuring it	1	no
Official identifiers	1	recorded, not counted

Use this data

Machine-readable JSON /api/v1/observations/by-subject/gauge-usgs-01531500.json
How to cite this, and who you must credit
How these figures were produced
Request this at a different scale, format or geography

No bulk download is offered here, which is a licence position rather than a product one: at least one contributing publisher does not permit redistribution. The values can be read on the page, cited, and pointed to at source.

Attribution and citation

Suggested citation for Hydrionis

Hydrionis (2026), Upper Susquehanna-Tunkhannock gauge records, accessed 2026-10-05, hydrionis.com/waters/united-states-upper-susquehanna-tunkhannock/

Cite Hydrionis where you rely on values Hydrionis computed, on the method that produced them, or on the compilation itself. The underlying measurements remain the publishers’ and their attribution requirements apply to you directly.

Recommended, not required. Hydrionis does not claim rights over unmodified public data it relayed, and doing arithmetic on somebody else’s measurements does not make them Hydrionis’s. Cite the version and the access date: the Upper Susquehanna-Tunkhannock gauge records changes as publishers release and as methods are revised, and a citation without both cannot be checked later. Full guidance is on cite and reuse.

None of the contributing licences requires attribution. Crediting the publishers is still good practice and they are listed above.

Where these figures come from

MeasuredHigh confidence2025-05-07

Source: USGS — National Water Information System, USGS site 01531500, annual peak streamflow. Licence: Open.

Method: The instantaneous maximum discharge of each water year as published by USGS, dated to the day it occurred. One value per October-to-September water year; where the publisher lists both a systematic and a historic peak for a year, the larger is the annual maximum. Values the publisher marks as maximum daily averages are not held here, because they are not instantaneous peaks. Values marked as bounded rather than measured are held as censored observations carrying the bound. Cubic feet per second are converted to cubic metres per second and the publisher unit is recorded alongside.

Rating curves are extrapolated at extreme discharges, so the largest values in a peak series carry the largest measurement uncertainty. Data from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System, a work of the United States government and therefore in the public domain.

Retrieved 1 October 2026.