The monitoring network within this area

Hydrionis holds 451 values from 2 gauges within it. Discharge is a property of a gauge and its reach, not of this drainage area, so this page reports the network and its records rather than a single figure.

Gauges

451

Values held

1898–2026

Record spans

Gauges within the Upper Fox huc8 subbasin

2 monitoring points, positioned as the publisher records them.

Flood peaks, as measured

This gauge's flood record, as measured. Unlike a daily mean it is the discharge at the moment the river was highest, which is the figure flood frequency analysis is built on.

Largest measured flow of each year at FOX RIVER AT ALGONQUIN, IL

The highest instantaneous discharge the publisher recorded in each year — a flood peak as measured, not a daily average of one. 1916–2009.

Show relevant events (1 event)Shading marks when something was recorded, not what caused the line.

Published by the gauge's own operator from its sub-daily record; Hydrionis stores the figure rather than recomputing it. A year the gauge did not cover produces no value rather than a low one, and the gaps are stated below the chart. A peak is a property of this gauge and its reach: a larger flood upstream or downstream of it is not in this series.

What the shaded periods are (1 event)

A shaded period marks when something was recorded, not what caused the shape of the line. Where the two coincide, they coincided.

Documented record — A documented event, compiled from cited sources after it happened. The dates are as good as the record, which for older events can mean the month rather than the day.

Event	Type	Period	Standing	Authority
Hurricane Katrina water and sanitation collapse	Flood	2005-08-29 – 2005-09-30	Documented record	Compiled record

Not shown on this chart

The 1976 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
The 2022 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Yorkshire drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cantareira water crisis, São Paulo — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cape Town Day Zero — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
European drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.

View the data behind this chart

Underlying data
Period	FOX RIVER AT ALGONQUIN, IL (m³/s)
1916	166
1917	64.0
1918	163
1919	136
1920	143
1921	140
1922	79.9
1923	92.9
1924	104
1925	53.2
1926	74.2
1927	77.0
1928	87.2
1929	154
1930	64.0
1931	21.4
1932	53.2
1933	98.3
1935	80.4
1936	77.9
1937	93.4
1938	159
1939	48.7
1940	71.9
1941	74.2
1942	69.9
1943	131
1944	112
1945	65.1
1946	106
1947	70.8
1948	133
1949	73.1
1950	93.7
1951	110
1952	125
1953	53.0
1954	68.0
1955	69.9
1956	50.1
1957	55.5
1958	35.7
1959	94.6
1960	187
1961	78.2
1962	138
1963	43.9
1964	46.2
1965	111
1966	102
1967	112
1968	66.3
1969	76.2
1970	85.5
1971	111
1972	133
1973	162
1974	150
1975	97.4
1976	124
1977	40.2
1978	90.9
1979	187
1980	71.6
1981	70.2
1982	114
1983	146
1984	85.8
1985	123
1986	107
1988	85.8
1989	55.2
1990	96.8
1991	96.0
1993	174
1994	111
1995	87.8
1996	129
1997	101
1998	83.0
1999	133
2000	144
2001	99.7
2003	57.8
2004	190
2005	73.6
2006	105
2007	190
2008	172
2009	165

About this series

Everything below is a property of the data rather than a rating of it. There is deliberately no single confidence score: how much a gap matters depends on what you are about to do with the series, and only you know that.

Source	United States Geological Survey — National Water Information System · US Government work — public domain
How the values came to exist	Measured
Period held	1916–2009
Completeness	95.7% of the periods in that span are held. Gaps are drawn as breaks and never interpolated.
Known gaps	4 separate periods inside 1916–2009 hold no value. They are drawn as breaks in the line and are never interpolated across.
Continuity	The record begins in 1916 and is not continuous from it: 94 years separate the first value from the last, and 96% of the years between them are held. The span is not the record.
Last read from the publisher	2026-08-31
Redistribution	Permitted by the upstream licences
Commercial reuse	Permitted by the upstream licences. No Hydrionis access tier can widen this.
Methodology	How this was produced

How much of the rain came back out

A discharge in cubic metres per second cannot be compared with anything: the larger number may only mean the larger catchment. Divided by the area draining to the gauge it becomes a depth of water over that land, which answers a question a reader already has — of the rain that fell here, how much came back out as river?

Water leaving the catchment above FOX RIVER AT BERLIN, WI, as a depth

The year's flow spread over the land draining to this gauge, in millimetres — the same unit rainfall is measured in. 1898–2025.

Show relevant events (1 event)Shading marks when something was recorded, not what caused the line.

Computed by Hydrionis from the published annual mean flow and the catchment area the station's own publisher states. It is not a water balance: the difference between rainfall and runoff is not evaporation alone but also change in groundwater storage, water abstracted and taken elsewhere, and water imported by transfer schemes — which is why a catchment can yield more runoff than the rain that fell on it without anything being measured wrongly. A different area figure rescales every value here by the ratio between them.

What the shaded periods are (1 event)

A shaded period marks when something was recorded, not what caused the shape of the line. Where the two coincide, they coincided.

Documented record — A documented event, compiled from cited sources after it happened. The dates are as good as the record, which for older events can mean the month rather than the day.

Event	Type	Period	Standing	Authority
Hurricane Katrina water and sanitation collapse	Flood	2005-08-29 – 2005-09-30	Documented record	Compiled record

Not shown on this chart

The 1976 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
The 2022 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Yorkshire drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cantareira water crisis, São Paulo — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cape Town Day Zero — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
European drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.

View the data behind this chart

Underlying data
Period	FOX RIVER AT BERLIN, WI (mm)
1898	201
1899	198
1900	201
1901	216
1902	202
1903	284
1904	298
1905	393
1906	359
1907	294
1908	270
1909	238
1910	198
1911	263
1912	349
1913	324
1914	215
1915	317
1916	385
1917	357
1918	331
1919	282
1920	301
1921	247
1922	375
1923	261
1924	338
1925	222
1926	283
1927	304
1928	346
1929	370
1930	243
1931	181
1932	183
1933	210
1934	173
1935	282
1936	208
1937	245
1938	458
1939	265
1940	309
1941	295
1942	306
1943	286
1944	234
1945	288
1946	307
1947	287
1948	230
1949	186
1950	227
1951	347
1952	285
1953	287
1954	264
1955	223
1956	259
1957	196
1958	132
1959	248
1960	374
1961	293
1962	293
1963	187
1964	131
1965	300
1966	265
1967	208
1968	211
1969	254
1970	192
1971	273
1972	332
1973	466
1974	346
1975	281
1976	244
1977	189
1978	319
1979	368
1980	334
1981	313
1982	338
1983	350
1984	400
1985	407
1986	474
1987	291
1988	226
1989	229
1990	291
1991	295
1992	319
1993	541
1994	316
1995	340
1996	321
1997	274
1998	281
1999	308
2000	291
2001	367
2002	288
2003	205
2004	415
2005	222
2006	229
2007	247
2008	466
2009	284
2010	337
2011	345
2012	263
2013	316
2014	317
2015	258
2016	401
2017	412
2018	494
2019	532
2020	478
2021	319
2022	300
2023	273
2024	304
2025	267

About this series

Source	United States Geological Survey — National Water Information System · US Government work — public domain
How the values came to exist	Derived Computed by Hydrionis
Period held	1898–2025
Completeness	100.0% of the periods in that span are held.
Continuity	Continuous: every year from 1898 to 2025 is held.
Last read from the publisher	2026-08-24
Redistribution	Permitted by the upstream licences
Commercial reuse	Permitted by the upstream licences. No Hydrionis access tier can widen this.
Methodology	How this was produced

Every gauge Hydrionis holds within this area

Gauges within the Upper Fox and what each holds
Gauge	Measures	Values	Record
FOX RIVER AT BERLIN, WI	burned area within 50 km, catchment area, annual maximum river flow, mean river flow	227	1898–2026
FOX RIVER AT ALGONQUIN, IL	burned area within 50 km, catchment area, annual maximum river flow, mean river flow	224	1916–2026

How these gauges were attached to this water

Assigned by the publisher to a numbered basin Every gauge here is assigned to this drainage area by its own publisher, which issues the area an official code — 07120006. A drainage area is not a river: it contains the tributaries as well as the main channel, and a gauge in it may be on any of them.

What each gauge’s link to this water rests on
Gauge	Evidence	Established
FOX RIVER AT BERLIN, WI	Stated by the publisher — USGS site service, huc_cd field — https://waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/ ; named from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset 8-digit HU (Subbasin) layer — https://hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/wbd/MapServer/4	2026-08-26
FOX RIVER AT ALGONQUIN, IL	Stated by the publisher — USGS site service, huc_cd field — https://waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/ ; named from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset 8-digit HU (Subbasin) layer — https://hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/wbd/MapServer/4	2026-08-26

What this record holds

Hydrionis decides which waters get a page, and which of those are offered to search, from what is actually held rather than from how the page reads. Five signals are counted; this record has 3 of them, which makes it a full profile.

Information-gain signals held for this water body
Signal	Held	Counts
Gauges holding a real record	2	no
Years spanned	129	yes, 20 or more
Values held	451	no
Distinct measurements	4	yes, 2 or more
Publishers measuring it	2	yes, 2 or more
Official identifiers	1	recorded, not counted

Use this data

Machine-readable JSON /api/v1/observations/by-subject/gauge-usgs-04073500.json
How to cite this, and who you must credit
How these figures were produced
Request this at a different scale, format or geography

No bulk download is offered here, which is a licence position rather than a product one: at least one contributing publisher does not permit redistribution. The values can be read on the page, cited, and pointed to at source.

Attribution and citation

Suggested citation for Hydrionis

Hydrionis (2026), Upper Fox gauge records, accessed 2026-09-02, hydrionis.com/waters/united-states-upper-fox/

Cite Hydrionis where you rely on values Hydrionis computed, on the method that produced them, or on the compilation itself. The underlying measurements remain the publishers’ and their attribution requirements apply to you directly.

Recommended, not required. Hydrionis does not claim rights over unmodified public data it relayed, and doing arithmetic on somebody else’s measurements does not make them Hydrionis’s. Cite the version and the access date: the Upper Fox gauge records changes as publishers release and as methods are revised, and a citation without both cannot be checked later. Full guidance is on cite and reuse.

None of the contributing licences requires attribution. Crediting the publishers is still good practice and they are listed above.

Where these figures come from

MeasuredHigh confidence2025-04-06

Source: USGS — National Water Information System, USGS site 04073500, annual peak streamflow. Licence: Open.

Method: The instantaneous maximum discharge of each water year as published by USGS, dated to the day it occurred. One value per October-to-September water year; where the publisher lists both a systematic and a historic peak for a year, the larger is the annual maximum. Values the publisher marks as maximum daily averages are not held here, because they are not instantaneous peaks. Values marked as bounded rather than measured are held as censored observations carrying the bound. Cubic feet per second are converted to cubic metres per second and the publisher unit is recorded alongside.

Rating curves are extrapolated at extreme discharges, so the largest values in a peak series carry the largest measurement uncertainty. Data from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System, a work of the United States government and therefore in the public domain.

Retrieved 31 August 2026.