The monitoring network within this area

Hydrionis holds 1,718 values from 5 gauges within it. Discharge is a property of a gauge and its reach, not of this drainage area, so this page reports the network and its records rather than a single figure.

5

Gauges

1,718

Values held

1903–2026

Record spans

Gauges within the Pecos Headwaters huc8 subbasin

5 monitoring points, positioned as the publisher records them.

Flood peaks, as measured

This gauge's flood record, as measured. Unlike a daily mean it is the discharge at the moment the river was highest, which is the figure flood frequency analysis is built on.

Largest measured flow of each year at GALLINAS CREEK NEAR MONTEZUMA, NM

The highest instantaneous discharge the publisher recorded in each year — a flood peak as measured, not a daily average of one. 1915–2024.

Show relevant events (1 event)Shading marks when something was recorded, not what caused the line.

Published by the gauge's own operator from its sub-daily record; Hydrionis stores the figure rather than recomputing it. A year the gauge did not cover produces no value rather than a low one, and the gaps are stated below the chart. A peak is a property of this gauge and its reach: a larger flood upstream or downstream of it is not in this series.

What the shaded periods are (1 event)

A shaded period marks when something was recorded, not what caused the shape of the line. Where the two coincide, they coincided.

Documented record — A documented event, compiled from cited sources after it happened. The dates are as good as the record, which for older events can mean the month rather than the day.

Event	Type	Period	Standing	Authority
Hurricane Katrina water and sanitation collapse	Flood	2005-08-29 – 2005-09-30	Documented record	Compiled record

Not shown on this chart

The 1976 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
The 2022 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Yorkshire drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cantareira water crisis, São Paulo — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cape Town Day Zero — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
European drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.

View the data behind this chart

Underlying data
Period	GALLINAS CREEK NEAR MONTEZUMA, NM (m³/s)
1915	37.1
1916	48.7
1917	4.25
1918	106
1919	87.8
1920	24.9
1921	109
1922	14.2
1925	37.1
1926	9.88
1927	74.2
1928	5.92
1929	47.3
1930	17.4
1932	6.60
1933	7.19
1934	2.86
1935	45.6
1936	32.3
1937	5.13
1938	11.0
1939	10.6
1940	58.9
1941	107
1942	129
1943	10.7
1944	3.71
1945	14.7
1946	15.0
1948	13.3
1949	21.8
1950	26.9
1951	54.4
1952	28.9
1953	13.0
1954	1.90
1955	13.7
1956	3.34
1957	153
1959	4.98
1960	8.30
1961	39.1
1962	7.14
1963	13.0
1964	79.0
1965	14.5
1966	202
1967	31.1
1968	3.26
1969	11.4
1971	24.4
1972	58.9
1973	23.6
1974	24.6
1975	3.23
1976	9.12
1977	14.0
1978	3.23
1979	60.9
1980	18.0
1981	43.3
1982	4.11
1983	3.51
1984	15.7
1985	6.99
1986	4.33
1987	6.80
1988	16.1
1989	5.55
1990	8.78
1991	82.1
1992	5.44
1993	2.94
1994	44.7
1996	106
1997	28.3
1998	8.01
2000	2.18
2001	14.6
2002	4.33
2003	0.963
2004	21.0
2005	7.53
2006	9.91
2007	2.32
2008	20.6
2009	5.24
2010	43.6
2011	1.05
2012	1.81
2013	102
2014	21.0
2015	6.26
2016	2.86
2017	15.9
2019	5.49
2020	1.28
2021	2.65
2022	66.0
2023	9.85
2024	73.9

About this series

Everything below is a property of the data rather than a rating of it. There is deliberately no single confidence score: how much a gap matters depends on what you are about to do with the series, and only you know that.

Source	United States Geological Survey — National Water Information System · US Government work — public domain
How the values came to exist	Measured
Period held	1915–2024
Completeness	91.8% of the periods in that span are held. Gaps are drawn as breaks and never interpolated.
Known gaps	8 separate periods inside 1915–2024 hold no value. The longest runs from 1923 to 1924 — 2 years with no reading. They are drawn as breaks in the line and are never interpolated across.
Continuity	The record begins in 1915 and is not continuous from it: 110 years separate the first value from the last, and 92% of the years between them are held. The span is not the record.
Last read from the publisher	2026-10-01
Redistribution	Permitted by the upstream licences
Commercial reuse	Permitted by the upstream licences. No Hydrionis access tier can widen this.
Methodology	How this was produced

How much of the rain came back out

A discharge in cubic metres per second cannot be compared with anything: the larger number may only mean the larger catchment. Divided by the area draining to the gauge it becomes a depth of water over that land, which answers a question a reader already has — of the rain that fell here, how much came back out as river?

Water leaving the catchment above GALLINAS CREEK NEAR MONTEZUMA, NM, as a depth

The year's flow spread over the land draining to this gauge, in millimetres — the same unit rainfall is measured in. 1927–2024.

Show relevant events (1 event)Shading marks when something was recorded, not what caused the line.

Computed by Hydrionis from the published annual mean flow and the catchment area the station's own publisher states. It is not a water balance: the difference between rainfall and runoff is not evaporation alone but also change in groundwater storage, water abstracted and taken elsewhere, and water imported by transfer schemes — which is why a catchment can yield more runoff than the rain that fell on it without anything being measured wrongly. A different area figure rescales every value here by the ratio between them.

What the shaded periods are (1 event)

A shaded period marks when something was recorded, not what caused the shape of the line. Where the two coincide, they coincided.

Documented record — A documented event, compiled from cited sources after it happened. The dates are as good as the record, which for older events can mean the month rather than the day.

Event	Type	Period	Standing	Authority
Hurricane Katrina water and sanitation collapse	Flood	2005-08-29 – 2005-09-30	Documented record	Compiled record

Not shown on this chart

The 1976 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
The 2022 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Yorkshire drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cantareira water crisis, São Paulo — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cape Town Day Zero — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
European drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.

View the data behind this chart

Underlying data
Period	GALLINAS CREEK NEAR MONTEZUMA, NM (mm)
1927	67.0
1928	79.0
1929	132
1930	72.0
1931	145
1932	89.0
1933	37.0
1934	13.0
1935	81.0
1936	36.0
1937	70.0
1938	50.0
1939	69.0
1940	51.0
1941	387
1942	173
1943	35.0
1944	62.0
1945	67.0
1946	60.0
1947	35.0
1948	60.0
1949	104
1950	54.0
1951	24.0
1952	56.0
1953	15.0
1954	12.0
1955	55.0
1956	7.00
1957	120
1958	193
1959	52.0
1960	105
1961	158
1962	58.0
1963	37.0
1964	26.0
1965	59.0
1966	59.0
1967	54.0
1968	64.0
1969	89.0
1970	54.0
1971	38.0
1972	88.0
1973	204
1974	25.0
1975	72.0
1976	27.0
1977	27.0
1978	35.0
1979	154
1980	53.0
1981	49.0
1982	54.0
1983	97.0
1984	53.0
1985	151
1986	70.0
1987	146
1988	91.0
1989	50.0
1990	87.0
1991	246
1992	90.0
1993	81.0
1994	138
1995	89.0
1996	67.0
1997	200
1998	126
1999	88.0
2000	34.0
2001	68.0
2002	18.0
2003	25.0
2004	109
2005	154
2006	69.0
2007	66.0
2008	91.0
2009	52.0
2010	110
2011	19.0
2012	37.0
2013	80.0
2014	39.0
2015	95.0
2016	80.0
2017	72.0
2018	24.0
2019	89.0
2020	29.0
2021	37.0
2022	97.0
2023	84.0
2024	163

About this series

Everything below is a property of the data rather than a rating of it. There is deliberately no single confidence score: how much a gap matters depends on what you are about to do with the series, and only you know that.

Source	United States Geological Survey — National Water Information System · US Government work — public domain
How the values came to exist	Derived Computed by Hydrionis
Period held	1927–2024
Completeness	100.0% of the periods in that span are held.
Continuity	Continuous: every year from 1927 to 2024 is held.
Inputs last read	2026-10-01 · when the records this was computed from were last read from their publishers
Calculation date	2026-08-24 · when the calculation method was last versioned, not a reading of any publisher
Redistribution	Permitted by the upstream licences
Commercial reuse	Permitted by the upstream licences. No Hydrionis access tier can widen this.
Methodology	How this was produced

The snow standing above this water

1 automated snow station sits inside this drainage area, weighing the snowpack rather than measuring how deep it is.

585

Fullest snowpack recorded at Wesner Springs, in 1993 (mm of water)

25

Thinnest, in 2006 (mm of water)

March

Month the pack is usually at its fullest

June

Month the pack has gone by, in half of years

Peak snowpack at Wesner Springs

Water years 1990–2026. Each point is the fullest month of that snow season.

A water year runs October to September and is named for the year it ends, so the snow of one winter stays in one point. The value is the fullest month, not the fullest day: a pack that peaked sharply mid-month reads lower here than a single measurement taken at the right moment would.

View the data behind this chart

Underlying data
Period	Wesner Springs (mm)
1990	339
1991	366
1992	471
1993	585
1994	473
1995	518
1996	216
1997	512
1998	468
1999	194
2000	177
2001	459
2002	221
2003	363
2004	398
2005	501
2006	25.0
2007	315
2008	431
2009	267
2010	381
2011	158
2012	324
2013	181
2014	198
2015	289
2016	370
2017	262
2018	25.0
2019	429
2020	348
2021	182
2022	214
2023	392
2024	317
2025	121
2026	46.0

Read against the river

Wesner Springs and PECOS RIVER NEAR PECOS, NM both sit in this drainage area, and their records overlap by 35 years. That is the span the two have in common, not a count of years both actually hold — either record may have gaps inside it. The two are shown separately rather than on one axis: millimetres of stored water and cubic metres per second are not commensurable, and a difference between them would mean nothing.

Being in the same drainage area does not put the snowpack upstream of the gauge. A subbasin is an area, and snow on one tributary can join the river below a gauge on another — so a weak relationship here may say more about which tributary was measured than about the snow.

Every gauge Hydrionis holds within this area

Gauges within the Pecos Headwaters and what each holds
Gauge	Measures	Values	Record
GALLINAS CREEK NEAR MONTEZUMA, NM	burned area within 50 km, catchment area, annual maximum river flow, mean river flow, mean river flow, water year	341	1915–2026
PECOS RIVER NEAR ANTON CHICO, NM	burned area within 50 km, catchment area, annual maximum river flow, mean river flow, mean river flow, water year	333	1904–2026
PECOS RIVER NEAR PECOS, NM	burned area within 50 km, catchment area, annual maximum river flow, mean river flow, mean river flow, water year	331	1920–2026
GALLINAS CREEK AT MONTEZUMA, NM	burned area within 50 km, catchment area, annual maximum river flow, mean river flow, mean river flow, water year	204	1904–2026
PECOS RIVER AT SANTA ROSA, NM	catchment area, annual maximum river flow	66	1903–2026

How these gauges were attached to this water

Assigned by the publisher to a numbered basin Every gauge here is assigned to this drainage area by its own publisher, which issues the area an official code — 13060001. A drainage area is not a river: it contains the tributaries as well as the main channel, and a gauge in it may be on any of them.

What each gauge’s link to this water rests on
Gauge	Evidence	Established
GALLINAS CREEK NEAR MONTEZUMA, NM	Stated by the publisher — USGS site service, huc_cd field — https://waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/ ; named from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset 8-digit HU (Subbasin) layer — https://hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/wbd/MapServer/4	2026-10-02
PECOS RIVER NEAR ANTON CHICO, NM	Stated by the publisher — USGS site service, huc_cd field — https://waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/ ; named from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset 8-digit HU (Subbasin) layer — https://hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/wbd/MapServer/4	2026-10-02
PECOS RIVER NEAR PECOS, NM	Stated by the publisher — USGS site service, huc_cd field — https://waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/ ; named from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset 8-digit HU (Subbasin) layer — https://hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/wbd/MapServer/4	2026-10-02
GALLINAS CREEK AT MONTEZUMA, NM	Stated by the publisher — USGS site service, huc_cd field — https://waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/ ; named from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset 8-digit HU (Subbasin) layer — https://hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/wbd/MapServer/4	2026-10-02
PECOS RIVER AT SANTA ROSA, NM	Stated by the publisher — USGS site service, huc_cd field — https://waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/ ; named from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset 8-digit HU (Subbasin) layer — https://hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/wbd/MapServer/4	2026-10-02

What this record holds

Hydrionis decides which waters get a page, and which of those are offered to search, from what is actually held rather than from how the page reads. Five signals are counted; this record has 5 of them, which makes it a full profile.

Information-gain signals held for this water body
Signal	Held	Counts
Gauges holding a real record	5	yes, 3 or more
Years spanned	124	yes, 20 or more
Values held	1,718	yes, 1000 or more
Distinct measurements	6	yes, 2 or more
Publishers measuring it	2	yes, 2 or more
Official identifiers	1	recorded, not counted

Use this data

Machine-readable JSON /api/v1/observations/by-subject/gauge-usgs-08380500.json
How to cite this, and who you must credit
How these figures were produced
Request this at a different scale, format or geography

No bulk download is offered here, which is a licence position rather than a product one: at least one contributing publisher does not permit redistribution. The values can be read on the page, cited, and pointed to at source.

Attribution and citation

Suggested citation for Hydrionis

Hydrionis (2026), Pecos Headwaters gauge records, accessed 2026-10-05, hydrionis.com/waters/united-states-pecos-headwaters/

Cite Hydrionis where you rely on values Hydrionis computed, on the method that produced them, or on the compilation itself. The underlying measurements remain the publishers’ and their attribution requirements apply to you directly.

Recommended, not required. Hydrionis does not claim rights over unmodified public data it relayed, and doing arithmetic on somebody else’s measurements does not make them Hydrionis’s. Cite the version and the access date: the Pecos Headwaters gauge records changes as publishers release and as methods are revised, and a citation without both cannot be checked later. Full guidance is on cite and reuse.

None of the contributing licences requires attribution. Crediting the publishers is still good practice and they are listed above.

Where these figures come from

MeasuredHigh confidence2024-06-20

Source: USGS — National Water Information System, USGS site 08380500, annual peak streamflow. Licence: Open.

Method: The instantaneous maximum discharge of each water year as published by USGS, dated to the day it occurred. One value per October-to-September water year; where the publisher lists both a systematic and a historic peak for a year, the larger is the annual maximum. Values the publisher marks as maximum daily averages are not held here, because they are not instantaneous peaks. Values marked as bounded rather than measured are held as censored observations carrying the bound. Cubic feet per second are converted to cubic metres per second and the publisher unit is recorded alongside.

Rating curves are extrapolated at extreme discharges, so the largest values in a peak series carry the largest measurement uncertainty. Data from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System, a work of the United States government and therefore in the public domain.

Retrieved 1 October 2026.