The monitoring network within this area

Hydrionis holds 4,198 values from 5 gauges within it. Discharge is a property of a gauge and its reach, not of this drainage area, so this page reports the network and its records rather than a single figure.

5

Gauges

4,198

Values held

1907–2026

Record spans

Gauges within the Lower Columbia-Sandy huc8 subbasin

5 monitoring points, positioned as the publisher records them.

Flood peaks, as measured

This gauge's flood record, as measured. Unlike a daily mean it is the discharge at the moment the river was highest, which is the figure flood frequency analysis is built on.

Largest measured flow of each year at SANDY RIVER NEAR MARMOT, OR

The highest instantaneous discharge the publisher recorded in each year — a flood peak as measured, not a daily average of one. 1912–2025.

Show relevant events (1 event)Shading marks when something was recorded, not what caused the line.

Published by the gauge's own operator from its sub-daily record; Hydrionis stores the figure rather than recomputing it. A year the gauge did not cover produces no value rather than a low one, and the gaps are stated below the chart. A peak is a property of this gauge and its reach: a larger flood upstream or downstream of it is not in this series.

What the shaded periods are (1 event)

A shaded period marks when something was recorded, not what caused the shape of the line. Where the two coincide, they coincided.

Documented record — A documented event, compiled from cited sources after it happened. The dates are as good as the record, which for older events can mean the month rather than the day.

Event	Type	Period	Standing	Authority
Hurricane Katrina water and sanitation collapse	Flood	2005-08-29 – 2005-09-30	Documented record	Compiled record

Not shown on this chart

The 1976 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
The 2022 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Yorkshire drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cantareira water crisis, São Paulo — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cape Town Day Zero — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
European drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.

View the data behind this chart

Underlying data
Period	SANDY RIVER NEAR MARMOT, OR (m³/s)
1912	419
1913	430
1914	113
1915	569
1916	221
1917	646
1919	283
1921	447
1923	827
1924	328
1926	263
1927	442
1929	218
1930	286
1931	753
1932	365
1933	279
1934	379
1936	351
1937	251
1939	251
1940	215
1941	177
1942	549
1943	193
1945	289
1946	600
1948	547
1949	334
1950	396
1951	215
1953	555
1954	357
1955	671
1956	572
1958	564
1959	249
1960	779
1962	442
1964	326
1966	163
1967	208
1968	368
1970	481
1971	564
1972	1,025
1974	544
1975	668
1977	92.9
1979	419
1980	340
1982	592
1983	623
1984	354
1986	1,070
1987	230
1989	592
1990	549
1991	371
1992	354
1994	221
1996	1,362
1997	300
1998	561
1999	974
2001	148
2002	309
2003	374
2004	357
2005	157
2006	379
2007	231
2009	850
2010	217
2011	1,104
2012	221
2013	646
2014	555
2015	538
2017	292
2019	416
2020	303
2021	453
2022	716
2023	402
2025	470

About this series

Everything below is a property of the data rather than a rating of it. There is deliberately no single confidence score: how much a gap matters depends on what you are about to do with the series, and only you know that.

Source	United States Geological Survey — National Water Information System · US Government work — public domain
How the values came to exist	Measured
Period held	1912–2025
Completeness	75.4% of the periods in that span are held. Gaps are drawn as breaks and never interpolated.
Known gaps	28 separate periods inside 1912–2025 hold no value. They are drawn as breaks in the line and are never interpolated across.
Continuity	The record begins in 1912 and is not continuous from it: 114 years separate the first value from the last, and 75% of the years between them are held. The span is not the record.
Last read from the publisher	2026-10-01
Redistribution	Permitted by the upstream licences
Commercial reuse	Permitted by the upstream licences. No Hydrionis access tier can widen this.
Methodology	How this was produced

How much of the rain came back out

A discharge in cubic metres per second cannot be compared with anything: the larger number may only mean the larger catchment. Divided by the area draining to the gauge it becomes a depth of water over that land, which answers a question a reader already has — of the rain that fell here, how much came back out as river?

Water leaving the catchment above BULL RUN RIVER NEAR BULL RUN (RIVER ONLY), OR, as a depth

The year's flow spread over the land draining to this gauge, in millimetres — the same unit rainfall is measured in. 1908–2024.

Show relevant events (1 event)Shading marks when something was recorded, not what caused the line.

Computed by Hydrionis from the published annual mean flow and the catchment area the station's own publisher states. It is not a water balance: the difference between rainfall and runoff is not evaporation alone but also change in groundwater storage, water abstracted and taken elsewhere, and water imported by transfer schemes — which is why a catchment can yield more runoff than the rain that fell on it without anything being measured wrongly. A different area figure rescales every value here by the ratio between them.

What the shaded periods are (1 event)

A shaded period marks when something was recorded, not what caused the shape of the line. Where the two coincide, they coincided.

Documented record — A documented event, compiled from cited sources after it happened. The dates are as good as the record, which for older events can mean the month rather than the day.

Event	Type	Period	Standing	Authority
Hurricane Katrina water and sanitation collapse	Flood	2005-08-29 – 2005-09-30	Documented record	Compiled record

Not shown on this chart

The 1976 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
The 2022 drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Yorkshire drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cantareira water crisis, São Paulo — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
Cape Town Day Zero — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.
European drought — This event’s area does not contain this chart’s subject. Sharing a country is not sharing an event, so it is not drawn.

View the data behind this chart

Underlying data
Period	BULL RUN RIVER NEAR BULL RUN (RIVER ONLY), OR (mm)
1908	2,048
1909	2,701
1910	2,416
1911	2,067
1912	2,708
1913	2,417
1914	2,105
1915	2,191
1916	2,686
1917	3,203
1918	2,098
1919	2,532
1920	2,441
1921	3,348
1922	1,944
1923	2,542
1924	2,081
1925	2,310
1926	2,003
1927	3,036
1928	2,190
1929	1,741
1930	1,789
1931	2,008
1932	2,933
1933	3,545
1934	2,385
1935	1,650
1936	2,145
1937	2,811
1938	2,144
1939	1,901
1940	1,903
1941	1,730
1942	2,523
1943	2,290
1944	1,406
1945	2,739
1946	2,966
1947	2,458
1948	2,596
1949	2,318
1950	3,313
1951	2,620
1952	1,648
1953	3,191
1954	2,372
1955	3,212
1956	2,835
1957	2,295
1958	2,728
1959	2,639
1960	2,021
1961	2,280
1962	1,849
1963	1,425
1964	2,417
1965	1,327
1966	1,308
1967	1,451
1968	2,050
1969	1,683
1970	1,730
1971	2,328
1972	2,691
1973	1,748
1974	2,542
1975	2,498
1976	1,292
1977	2,190
1978	1,033
1979	1,381
1980	1,766
1981	1,501
1982	2,029
1983	2,159
1984	2,315
1985	1,326
1986	1,697
1987	1,183
1988	1,614
1989	1,566
1990	1,972
1991	1,768
1992	1,005
1993	1,240
1994	1,584
1995	2,260
1996	2,670
1997	2,081
1998	1,947
1999	2,045
2000	1,418
2001	1,175
2002	1,315
2003	1,721
2004	1,471
2005	1,280
2006	2,082
2007	1,485
2008	2,090
2009	1,954
2010	2,280
2011	2,429
2012	2,872
2013	2,099
2014	2,392
2015	1,786
2016	2,081
2017	2,521
2018	1,690
2019	1,167
2020	2,276
2021	1,917
2022	2,319
2023	1,672
2024	2,170

About this series

Everything below is a property of the data rather than a rating of it. There is deliberately no single confidence score: how much a gap matters depends on what you are about to do with the series, and only you know that.

Source	United States Geological Survey — National Water Information System · US Government work — public domain
How the values came to exist	Derived Computed by Hydrionis
Period held	1908–2024
Completeness	100.0% of the periods in that span are held.
Continuity	Continuous: every year from 1908 to 2024 is held.
Inputs last read	2026-10-01 · when the records this was computed from were last read from their publishers
Calculation date	2026-08-24 · when the calculation method was last versioned, not a reading of any publisher
Redistribution	Permitted by the upstream licences
Commercial reuse	Permitted by the upstream licences. No Hydrionis access tier can widen this.
Methodology	How this was produced

The snow standing above this water

5 automated snow stations sit inside this drainage area, weighing the snowpack rather than measuring how deep it is.

1,762

Fullest snowpack recorded at North Fork, in 2008 (mm of water)

32

Thinnest, in 2015 (mm of water)

March

Month the pack is usually at its fullest

June

Month the pack has gone by, in half of years

Peak snowpack at North Fork

Water years 1979–2026. Each point is the fullest month of that snow season.

A water year runs October to September and is named for the year it ends, so the snow of one winter stays in one point. The value is the fullest month, not the fullest day: a pack that peaked sharply mid-month reads lower here than a single measurement taken at the right moment would.

View the data behind this chart

Underlying data
Period	North Fork (mm)
1979	364
1980	282
1981	106
1982	498
1983	156
1984	163
1985	911
1986	370
1987	255
1988	281
1989	665
1990	773
1991	285
1992	123
1993	485
1994	317
1995	352
1996	365
1997	653
1998	519
1999	882
2000	724
2001	399
2002	1,160
2003	212
2004	740
2005	101
2006	695
2007	530
2008	1,762
2009	948
2010	315
2011	833
2012	806
2013	717
2014	194
2015	32.0
2016	355
2017	720
2018	507
2019	523
2020	570
2021	580
2022	685
2023	1,081
2024	485
2025	243
2026	109

Read against the river

North Fork and SALMON RIVER NEAR GOVERNMENT CAMP, OREG. both sit in this drainage area, and their records overlap by 12 years. That is the span the two have in common, not a count of years both actually hold — either record may have gaps inside it. The two are shown separately rather than on one axis: millimetres of stored water and cubic metres per second are not commensurable, and a difference between them would mean nothing.

Being in the same drainage area does not put the snowpack upstream of the gauge. A subbasin is an area, and snow on one tributary can join the river below a gauge on another — so a weak relationship here may say more about which tributary was measured than about the snow.

Every gauge Hydrionis holds within this area

Gauges within the Lower Columbia-Sandy and what each holds
Gauge	Measures	Values	Record
BULL RUN RIVER NEAR BULL RUN (RIVER ONLY), OR	burned area within 50 km, catchment area, annual maximum river flow, mean river flow, mean river flow, water year	382	1907–2026
SANDY RIVER NEAR MARMOT, OR	burned area within 50 km, catchment area, annual maximum river flow, mean river flow, mean river flow, water year	373	1911–2026
LITTLE SANDY RIVER NEAR BULL RUN, OR	burned area within 50 km, catchment area, annual maximum river flow, mean river flow, mean river flow, water year	355	1913–2026
SANDY RIVER BLW BULL RUN RIVER, NR BULL RUN, OR	burned area within 50 km, catchment area, annual maximum river flow, mean river flow, mean river flow, water year	271	1911–2026
SALMON RIVER NEAR GOVERNMENT CAMP, OREG.	burned area within 50 km, catchment area, annual maximum river flow, mean river flow, mean river flow, water year	234	1910–2026

How these gauges were attached to this water

Assigned by the publisher to a numbered basin Every gauge here is assigned to this drainage area by its own publisher, which issues the area an official code — 17080001. A drainage area is not a river: it contains the tributaries as well as the main channel, and a gauge in it may be on any of them.

What each gauge’s link to this water rests on
Gauge	Evidence	Established
BULL RUN RIVER NEAR BULL RUN (RIVER ONLY), OR	Stated by the publisher — USGS site service, huc_cd field — https://waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/ ; named from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset 8-digit HU (Subbasin) layer — https://hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/wbd/MapServer/4	2026-10-02
SANDY RIVER NEAR MARMOT, OR	Stated by the publisher — USGS site service, huc_cd field — https://waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/ ; named from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset 8-digit HU (Subbasin) layer — https://hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/wbd/MapServer/4	2026-10-02
LITTLE SANDY RIVER NEAR BULL RUN, OR	Stated by the publisher — USGS site service, huc_cd field — https://waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/ ; named from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset 8-digit HU (Subbasin) layer — https://hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/wbd/MapServer/4	2026-10-02
SANDY RIVER BLW BULL RUN RIVER, NR BULL RUN, OR	Stated by the publisher — USGS site service, huc_cd field — https://waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/ ; named from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset 8-digit HU (Subbasin) layer — https://hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/wbd/MapServer/4	2026-10-02
SALMON RIVER NEAR GOVERNMENT CAMP, OREG.	Stated by the publisher — USGS site service, huc_cd field — https://waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/ ; named from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset 8-digit HU (Subbasin) layer — https://hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/wbd/MapServer/4	2026-10-02

What this record holds

Hydrionis decides which waters get a page, and which of those are offered to search, from what is actually held rather than from how the page reads. Five signals are counted; this record has 5 of them, which makes it a full profile.

Information-gain signals held for this water body
Signal	Held	Counts
Gauges holding a real record	5	yes, 3 or more
Years spanned	120	yes, 20 or more
Values held	4,198	yes, 1000 or more
Distinct measurements	6	yes, 2 or more
Publishers measuring it	2	yes, 2 or more
Official identifiers	1	recorded, not counted

Use this data

Machine-readable JSON /api/v1/observations/by-subject/gauge-usgs-14140000.json
How to cite this, and who you must credit
How these figures were produced
Request this at a different scale, format or geography

No bulk download is offered here, which is a licence position rather than a product one: at least one contributing publisher does not permit redistribution. The values can be read on the page, cited, and pointed to at source.

Attribution and citation

Suggested citation for Hydrionis

Hydrionis (2026), Lower Columbia-Sandy gauge records, accessed 2026-10-05, hydrionis.com/waters/united-states-lower-columbia-sandy/

Cite Hydrionis where you rely on values Hydrionis computed, on the method that produced them, or on the compilation itself. The underlying measurements remain the publishers’ and their attribution requirements apply to you directly.

Recommended, not required. Hydrionis does not claim rights over unmodified public data it relayed, and doing arithmetic on somebody else’s measurements does not make them Hydrionis’s. Cite the version and the access date: the Lower Columbia-Sandy gauge records changes as publishers release and as methods are revised, and a citation without both cannot be checked later. Full guidance is on cite and reuse.

None of the contributing licences requires attribution. Crediting the publishers is still good practice and they are listed above.

Where these figures come from

MeasuredHigh confidence2025-02-23

Source: USGS — National Water Information System, USGS site 14140000, annual peak streamflow. Licence: Open.

Method: The instantaneous maximum discharge of each water year as published by USGS, dated to the day it occurred. One value per October-to-September water year; where the publisher lists both a systematic and a historic peak for a year, the larger is the annual maximum. Values the publisher marks as maximum daily averages are not held here, because they are not instantaneous peaks. Values marked as bounded rather than measured are held as censored observations carrying the bound. Cubic feet per second are converted to cubic metres per second and the publisher unit is recorded alongside.

Rating curves are extrapolated at extreme discharges, so the largest values in a peak series carry the largest measurement uncertainty. Data from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System, a work of the United States government and therefore in the public domain.

Retrieved 1 October 2026.