306,100
Observations available
2
Relevant datasets
1879–2026
Period covered
2
Commercially reusable

What you can answer here

How water-stressed is the country we are considering?

Annual water stress, renewable resources per person and withdrawal by sector for around 200 countries, as full time series rather than single snapshots.

Where it stops: National aggregates conceal enormous internal variation. A country figure describes an accounting total, not the situation at a specific site.

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Is the river next to our site under pressure?

For England, gauge-level flow records going back decades, and nutrient and oxygen chemistry at nearby river monitoring points.

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Relevant datasets

DatasetObservationsCoverageLicence
England River Flow Dataset255,73718792026Commercial use permitted
Global Water Resources and Withdrawal Dataset50,36319612022Commercial use permitted
MeasureDefinitionUnit
Water stressFreshwater withdrawal as a percentage of available renewable freshwater resources, after accounting for environmental flow requirements.
A national figure averages over basins that can be individually far more stressed. Values above 100% mean withdrawal exceeds renewable supply, which is only possible by depleting groundwater, desalinating, or importing water.
%
Renewable freshwater per personTotal renewable freshwater resources divided by population.
A per-capita average conceals seasonal and regional distribution entirely. A country can be water-rich on this measure and still have cities that run short.
m³/person/yr
Total freshwater withdrawalThe total volume of freshwater taken from rivers, lakes and aquifers for all uses in a year, before any of it is returned.
Reporting years differ between countries, often by a decade. Withdrawal figures also vary in whether they include desalinated water and reused wastewater.
km³/yr
Industrial share of withdrawalPercentage of total freshwater withdrawal used by industry, including energy cooling.
Countries differ in whether thermoelectric cooling is counted as industrial withdrawal. Where it is included, the industrial share can exceed 50% in countries with large freshwater-cooled power fleets, which reflects cooling arrangements rather than manufacturing intensity.
%

What Hydrionis does not hold for you

Access

Everything referenced here is available through the JSON API and, where the source licence permits redistribution, as CSV extracts. Field definitions are in the data dictionary.

For bulk extracts, higher-volume API access, commercial licensing or bespoke work, see data enquiries.