Sector
Industry
Industrial water use spans processes with entirely different profiles, from steel and paper, which use very large volumes largely for cooling and return most of it, to semiconductor fabrication, which uses smaller volumes of extraordinarily pure water.
What drives water use in this sector
- Process type
- Whether cooling is once-through or recirculating
- Water recycling rate within the plant
- Water quality requirement, which can be far above drinking standard
Related intelligence
Semiconductor manufacturingpart ofMiningpart ofFood and beverage processingpart ofTextilespart ofPaper and pulppart ofAgriculturesame topicData centressame topicHouseholdssame topicArtificial intelligence workloadssame topicEnergy and power generationsame topicIrrigationsame topicLivestocksame topic
Sources
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — AQUASTAT — Global Information System on Water and Agriculture. Public but restricted · CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
- United States Geological Survey — Estimated Use of Water in the United States. Open · US Government work — public domain
- International Energy Agency — Water–energy nexus analysis. Public but restricted · Publisher terms — public access, reuse not clearly granted