How drought works

Drought is not one thing. It is four, they arrive in sequence, and confusing them is why "the rain has ended the drought" is so often wrong.

Climate change and water

Most of the way climate change is experienced is through water: too much, too little, at the wrong time, or the wrong temperature.

El Niño, La Niña and water

ENSO does not change how much rain falls globally. It changes where it falls — and the pattern is repeatable enough to be useful for water planning months ahead.

Floods and water quality

The immediate danger of a flood is the water’s force. The longer danger is what it carries — sewage, fuel, chemicals and everything a submerged landscape releases.

Wildfire and drinking water

A wildfire rarely contaminates a water supply while it burns. The damage arrives with the first heavy rain on a burned catchment, often months later.